Modèles aléatoires
Le but du livreest de définir et développer une grandegamme d'outils probabilistes pour la modélisation en biologie des populations,afin de décrire des dynamiquestemporelles de quantités biologiques telles que la taille d'une ou plusieurs populations, la proportion d'un allèle dans une population oula position d'un individu. En partant de modèles markoviens discrets (marchesaléatoires, processus de Galton-Watson), nous abordons progressivement lecalcul stochastique et les équations différentielles stochastiques, puis lesprocessus markoviens de saut, tels les processus de branchement à temps continuet les processus de naissance et mort. Nous étudions également les processusdiscret et continu pour l'évolution génétique et les généalogies: processus deWright-Fisher et coalescent. Le livredétaille systématiquement les calculs dequantités d'intérêt pour les biologistes. De nombreux exercices d'application sont proposés. Le dernier chapitre montre l'apport de ces outils pour desproblématiques biologiques actuelles. Il développe en détail des travaux derecherche très récents.
This book defines and develops probabilistic tools forthe modeling of populations in order to describe the dynamics of biologicalquantities such as population size, allele proportion in a population and individual location. Fromdiscrete Markovian models (random walks, Galton-Watson processes), it gradually introduces thestochastic calculus and the stochastic differential equations, as well as the jump Markov processes,such as the branching processes in continuous time and the birth and deathprocesses. It also discussesthe discrete and continuous processes of genetic evolution, genealogies and the Wright-Fisher processes andcoalescent. The book systematically detailsthe computation of quantities of interest to biologists and provides a number ofexercises. The last chapter shows the use of probabilistic tools for real-world biologicalproblems, and discusses recentresearch in detail.
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