Learning to Work Safely

Working for pay is a common experience throughout North America for youth, withup to 80 percent of high school students working for at least a short duration of timethrough the course of a year. Once adolescents enter the labor market, they usuallycontinue working, though they change jobs frequently through to their early 20s.Most working youth are employed during both the school year and the summer. Adolescentsand young adults are exposed to a variety of workplace risks and hazards thatinclude operating dangerous tools, machinery, and vehicles; handling cash in situationsprone to robbery; and working with supervisors and co-workers whose own'safe work practices' are suspect. Proper orientation and training is sometimes minimal;supervision can be limited and of questionable quality. Given that over the pastfifty years the proportion of adolescents entering the workforce has increased six-foldfor both males and females, and that the number of working youth is expected to continue increasing due to globalizationand diffusion of new technologies, there is definite cause for concern. Why the large discrepancy between young peopleand adults when it comes to workplace injury? Why are our future workers being injured at all? Youth willingly enter worksettings expecting to be guided and protected, yet many are exposed to work environments and safety cultures leading toquite different outcomes. Some answers may lie in better understanding the young worker experience or in the similaritiesand differences between the young worker and adult worker experience. We only know that a simplistic, rote answer willnot suffice, especially when young people continue to be injured, some fatally, on the job.In an effort to begin answering some of these questions, we have developed this twopartbook. Part I is designed to provide the reader with an overview of what we knowabout young workers and some of the factors that may influence their ability to staysafe at work. The literature draws attention to areas ranging from The Nature of theWorkplace, to Risk Perception, and finally to Management and System Support.Where appropriate, the findings from the Young Worker Young Supervisor (YWYS)project are brought into the existing literature on young worker health and safety.Part I sets the tone for Part II of the monograph by giving the reader an idea of whatyoung workers find themselves facing when they enter the world of work, from characteristicsof the workplace to unique conditions and relationships of young workers.To further illuminate the issues and situations youth face in the workplace, Part IIpresents a series of vignettes that were drawn from real life situations observedthrough the course of the YWYS project. The vignettes are brief, evocative descriptions,accounts, or episodes representing the types of experiences common to youngworkers. These vignettes are based on the case studies and interviews conducted duringthe course of the YWYS project. The circumstances presented in the vignettesreflect the conditions under which many young workers find themselves. As farfetchedas some of the managers' and young workers' behavior may seem in thevignettes, the events are fictionalized versions of real workplace occurrences. Eachvignette is followed by one or more "scenario(s)", each presenting an open-endedproblem taken from real life and faced by young workers. Each scenario ends with aseries of questions intended to encourage the reader towards further discussion.