As a coercive instrument, the US executed a bombing raid on Libya, Operation El Dorado Canyon, in response to Libya's state-sponsored terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's. Initially hailed as a success, many authors, including Robert A. Pape, now view the 1986 raid as a coercive failure because Colonel Muammar Qaddafi did not completely abandon terrorism. In order to determine the success or failure of a mission, the results must be evaluated against the strategic (political) and tactical objectives for that mission. In the context of what the Reagan administration was attempting to achieve with Operation El Dorado Canyon, the mission was undoubtedly a success. Even though it took almost two decades, Qaddafi ultimately concluded that terrorism against the United States should stop. Operation El Dorado Canyon was the leading coercive factor in Qaddafi's eventual transformation. In order to draw the conclusion that Operation El Dorado Canyon was successful in coercing Qaddafi's "change of heart", this thesis will first examine the violent history of Libya, which planted the seeds of hate for the Western "Imperialist" nations, and the assumption of command by Colonel Qaddafi. Next, this thesis will examine the role Qaddafi and Libya played in numerous, highly visible, terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's, and the United States' responses to the attacks prior to Operation El Dorado Canyon.
As a coercive instrument, the US executed a bombing raid on Libya, Operation El Dorado Canyon, in response to Libya's state-sponsored terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's. Initially hailed as a success, many authors, including Robert A. Pape, now view the 1986 raid as a coercive failure because Colonel Muammar Qaddafi did not completely abandon terrorism. In order to determine the success or failure of a mission, the results must be evaluated against the strategic (political) and tactical objectives for that mission. In the context of what the Reagan administration was attempting to achieve with Operation El Dorado Canyon, the mission was undoubtedly a success. Even though it took almost two decades, Qaddafi ultimately concluded that terrorism against the United States should stop. Operation El Dorado Canyon was the leading coercive factor in Qaddafi's eventual transformation. In order to draw the conclusion that Operation El Dorado Canyon was successful in coercing Qaddafi's "change of heart", this thesis will first examine the violent history of Libya, which planted the seeds of hate for the Western "Imperialist" nations, and the assumption of command by Colonel Qaddafi. Next, this thesis will examine the role Qaddafi and Libya played in numerous, highly visible, terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's, and the United States' responses to the attacks prior to Operation El Dorado Canyon.
The question this monograph attempts to answer is whether "coercive strategies and their associated defeat mechanisms provide valid courses of action (COAs) for the US against global terrorists...
The purpose of this paper was to explore airpower's coercive capabilities in counter-insurgency operations. Traditional theories hold that airpower is not as effective in fighting a COIN due to its...
After a brief introduction of coercive airpower theories, this paper considered these coercive strategies of punishment, risk, denial and decapitation and their effect on coercing Saddam Hussein in...
The nine contributors to this volume study the rapid development of airpower during the twentieth century as well as the methodological problems involved in assessing such change.
To a great extent, the history of airpower theory is the history of a futile search for the strategic "knockout punch." From Douhet to LeMay, airpower zealots have argued that the proper application...
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