 
                                
                                     
                                
            La República Argentina En La Segunda Conferencia Internacional De La Paz
La búsqueda de la paz internacional y del fin de todas las guerras ha impulsado a incontables hombres a perseguir este sueño, de apariencia inalcanzable para una humanidad herida por la guerra. De entre todas las formas de violencia, la guerra ha sido una de las principales amenazas a la seguridad de las personas y de las naciones por su especial carácter destructivo, y por ser el caldo de cultivo propicio para las peores atrocidades que el ser humano es capaz de cometer contra sí mismo y contra su entorno.
La presente obra tiene dos objetivos. El primero, articular las reflexiones de Montesquieu en torno al fenómeno de la guerra y la construcción de la paz internacional. El segundo, presentarlo como un precedente intelectual de la teoría de la paz democrática, ampliamente estudiada en el campo de las Relaciones Internacionales.
La teoría de la paz de Montesquieu descansa sobre cinco tesis:
1) La república es la forma más pacífica de gobierno. Por el contrario, las monarquías y los gobiernos despóticos tienen una proclividad innata hacia la guerra.
2) La defensa colectiva es la mejor estrategia de las repúblicas para sobrevivir frente a los Estados con formas de gobierno tendientes a la guerra.
3) El comercio tiene un potencial civilizatorio. Las relaciones comerciales pueden desincentivar la guerra entre naciones.
4) Deben acatarse los principios del derecho de guerra y del derecho de conquista para.
5) El ser humano, en su estado de naturaleza, es un animal pacífico.
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