Before the First Opium War, from 1839-1842, China had long had substantial commercial activity. After Europeans forced the country to open up to the West, one of the Western ideas to which China was exposed was economic liberalism. This way of thinking had never cohered as a doctrine in China, even though aspects of it can be found in older Chinese thought.
After 1842, many influential people in China came to see economic liberalism as the key to saving China. Similar claims would be made at various times for social Darwinism, women's rights, Christianity, and ultimately Marxism, under which economic liberalism was tarred as nothing more than a façade for colonial exploitation. After 1949, under Marxism, China was driven to extreme. Then, in desperation, its leaders awkwardly harnessed economic liberalism in practice to Marxism in theory. This harnessing of liberalization unleashed prosperity and substantial social changes, beginning in the late 1970s. But today the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) want, above all, to maintain power, and they fear China now has too much economic liberalism.
Before the First Opium War, from 1839-1842, China had long had substantial commercial activity. After Europeans forced the country to open up to the West, one of the Western ideas to which China was exposed was economic liberalism. This way of thinking had never cohered as a doctrine in China, even though aspects of it can be found in older Chinese thought.
After 1842, many influential people in China came to see economic liberalism as the key to saving China. Similar claims would be made at various times for social Darwinism, women's rights, Christianity, and ultimately Marxism, under which economic liberalism was tarred as nothing more than a façade for colonial exploitation. After 1949, under Marxism, China was driven to extreme. Then, in desperation, its leaders awkwardly harnessed economic liberalism in practice to Marxism in theory. This harnessing of liberalization unleashed prosperity and substantial social changes, beginning in the late 1970s. But today the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) want, above all, to maintain power, and they fear China now has too much economic liberalism.
Originally published in 1894, this early work on Chinese culture is both expensive and hard to find in its first edition. It contains details on the author’s experiences of various aspects of Chinese...
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work...
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and...
Many agree that rapid urbanization in China in the late 20th and early 21st centuries is a mega process significantly reshaping China and the global economy. China's urbanization also carries a...
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