本材料旨在作为参考工具为使用者提供帮助。尽管已尽一切努力确保所提建议的准确性,本材料仅用于一般资讯性目的,在任何情况下,本材料无意替代专业的医疗建议或治疗以及专业判断。 它们反映的是本出版物编辑和撰稿人当前的最佳判断,并可能会有变更。使用者不应把本材料中阐述的内容作为医学判断或决策的唯一基础。
在任何情况下,对于因(1)使用本材料或依赖其内容,或(2)ISOQOL、其附属机构或任何编辑及贡献者在这里所出现的错误、不准确、遗漏、缺陷、不合时宜、违反安全规定或其它不佳表现,而导致的任何直接性、补偿性、间接性、偶发性、后果性(包括利润或业务机会损失)、特殊性,示範性或惩罚性的损害,ISOQOL、其附属机构或其任何董事、官员、成员、雇员、代理人、或本材料的编辑者及贡献者,均不会对任何使用者或单位负责或承担任何责任。
生存质量 (QUALITY OF LIFE,QOL)
此术语常错用来指健康相关生存质量或健康状态,它比单纯健康有更广泛的意义,包括物质享受、个人安康、关系、学习、创造性的展示、帮助和鼓励他人的机会、公共事务的参与、社交和休闲等众多成分。世界卫生组织把生存质量定义为个人在其所生活的文化背景中,与其目标、期望、标准和关注点有关的自身所处生活地位的感知。在健康研究的语境中,生存质量超越了健康状况的描述,是反映人们对健康状况以及生活中其他非医学方面的看法和反应。亚里士多德认为,生存质量是指一类最好、最快乐的生活,包括以下生活品质:(i)智力和理论思考(包括科学活动),被认为是快乐的主要形式;和(ii)务实或合乎道德的品质,包括勇气、节制、慷慨和公正等品质的表现形式。在现代语境中,这意味着一个人需要深思熟虑生活的各方面,以德行事,换而言之,既聪颖又美好。
结局 (OUTCOME)
在健康语境下,结局可以是个体的身体健康、情绪健康、精神健康或社交健康的某一个方面,可因特定的干预而变化,或因其他个人、健康或环境等因素的存在而有所不同。Kerr White建立了健康结局的5D (death, disease, discomfort, disability, dissatisfaction)一词,即死亡、疾病、不适、伤残、不满意)。更为现代的是死亡、疾病、伤残(含WHO的ICF框架中的不适)、不满意(对于过程或结局)和成本(或6D,穷困,可以是个人或医疗保健系统的匮乏)。
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