匏瓜
Description
《匏瓜》是刘勃所写的孔子传记。作者把孔子放在春秋历史大背景下来写，对相关史实进行了分析，观点颇有独到之处，值得一看。
孔子姓子，子姓是商王的姓，也就是说，孔子的祖上是商朝皇族，后来逐渐没落，到了孔子，能保住士的身份就相当不错了。当然，是不是皇族也难考证，朱元璋当皇帝后，也曾想过认朱熹为自己的祖宗。
孔子一身是致力于恢复周礼的，他认为周礼"郁郁乎文哉"，所以"吾从周"。周礼是建立在分封制经济基础上的意识形态。分封制的问题，随着人口增长、生产力发展，土地兼并是必然的。总结春秋战国历史，其实用四个字就可以简单地概括，就是"土地兼并"。诸侯国兼并周王室的土地，诸侯下面的卿大夫也想着兼并诸侯的土地，赵魏韩三大家族干脆直接把晋国的土地彻底瓜分掉。
用史学家的话来说，春秋时期，礼崩乐坏。所谓礼崩乐坏，就是砸烂了一个旧世界，人们需要做的，是建立一个新世界，而孔子却致力于恢复旧世界的秩序，这显然是不切实际的幻想。
也正因如此，他在游历各诸侯国时，处处碰壁如丧家狗。他心目中的所谓王道，并不能给人以帮助。对小国来说，今天被张三打，明天被李四揍，朝不保夕，你王道能保证我不挨揍么？对大国来说，运用武力就可以抢来别人的土地，我特么王道，别人不王道，一样来抢我的土地，你让我搞所谓的王道，不是有病么。仁政是对内的，不是对外的。
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