Improving the teaching of thermodynamics in Morocco

This work is part of the Moroccan Ministry of Education's efforts to improve science teaching by focusing on teachers, curricula and methodologies. We have identified shortcomings in the teaching of thermodynamics, in particular the understanding of concepts and mathematical formalism. Studies have shown that these difficulties persist at different levels of study. Future teachers also encounter obstacles in distinguishing between temperature and heat. We recommend revising curricula to better integrate thermal concepts, and adopting pedagogical approaches such as conceptual change and the skills-based approach. Pilot experiments have shown significant improvements in teachers' understanding of thermal concepts and pedagogical skills. In conclusion, by adopting innovative pedagogical approaches and revising school curricula, we can improve science teaching in Morocco.