Physics and Mechanics of Ice

In the programme of the symposium was written: "The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Me­ chanics has taken the initiative to organize the sympo­ sium. As the name of IUTAM implies, the organization brings forward achievements within the field of theore­ tical mechanics for application in science and engineer­ ing. According to the rules of IUTAM that only invited persons can attend, all lecturers and participants have been ap­ pOinted by the members of the scientific committee. To facilitate contact among the attending persons, it has been decided to restrict the total number to 85 persons including the lecturers. Only one session is planned, making it possible for everybody to attend all lectures. Most scientists and engineers have realized that the knowledge attained by extensive basic research is essen­ tial in order to solve technological problems. In the process of acquiring this knowledge we often fail to un­ derstand that scientific progress is only achieved by two main principles: (1) By studying the scientific litera­ ture and applying or improving the theories in order to predict behaviour and forces correctly, or (2) by re­ jecting existing theories and developing new ways to cope with the problem, resulting in a more differenti­ ated and, hopefully, more exact theory. Ice seems to be a simple material, but it is in fact so complex and strange that it is only in the latest dec­ ades that we have come to know some of the natural laws governing its behaviour.